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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00318_Field_318.txt
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1996-12-31
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Although it often suffices, in
proving a point about a possible
explanation of an illusion, to
make up a particular
modification of the figure and
simply look at it--a
demonstration, as it were--in
fact, psychologists generally do
formal experiments with the
modified figure. In these
experiments, the observer is
asked to match one test line to
the other until they look equal.
In experiments with the Ponzo
illusion, for example, on some
trials the lower test line is the
standard and observers match
the upper one (called the
comparison stimulus) to it, in
this case by making it shorter.
On other trials, the upper test
line is the standard and
subjects match the lower one to
it by making it longer. The
average amount by which the
observers must change the
comparison line in order to
match the standard line, for all
trials and for many subjects, is
a measure of the illusion. In
the case of the illustrated
example of the Ponzo illusion
at the head of the chapter, the
illusory length effect would be
of the order of around 10 to 15%.
(In this chapter, I will
generally not give such
quantitative data or describe
details of experiments.
However, the statements I make
about how an illusion figure or
a variation of it is perceived are
typically based on such formal
experiments.)